Sir Isaac Newton (4 January 1643 –
31 March 1727) was an English physicist, mathematician,
astronomer, natural philosopher, alchemist, and theologian who
is perceived and considered by a substantial number of scholars
and the general public as one of the most influential scientists
in history. His 1687 publication of the Philosophiæ Naturalis
Principia Mathematica (usually called the Principia) is
considered to be among the most influential books in the history
of science, laying the groundwork for most of classical
mechanics. In this work, Newton described universal gravitation
and the three laws of motion which dominated the scientific view
of the physical universe for the next three centuries. Newton
showed that the motions of objects on Earth and of celestial
bodies are governed by the same set of natural laws by
demonstrating the consistency between Kepler's laws of planetary
motion and his theory of gravitation, thus removing the last
doubts about heliocentrism and advancing the scientific
revolution.
In the 1690s, Newton wrote a number of religious tracts dealing
with the literal interpretation of the Bible. Henry More's
belief in the Universe and rejection of Cartesian dualism may
have influenced Newton's religious ideas. A manuscript he sent
to John Locke in which he disputed the existence of the Trinity
was never published. Later works – The Chronology of Ancient
Kingdoms Amended (1728) and Observations Upon the Prophecies of
Daniel and the Apocalypse of St. John (1733) – were published
after his death.
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